Signs and symptoms
Hoof Wall Separation Disease (HWSD) often shows up early in life, usually within the first six months. You might notice cracks and splits forming in the outer hoof wall and the edges can look frayed and weak¹. These changes make shoeing difficult because nails tend to split the hoof wall². As the condition progresses, ponies may struggle to bear weight properly, which can lead to pain, abscesses and even laminitis in severe cases³.
Causes
The root cause of HWSD is a mutation in the SERPINB11 gene. It’s inherited as an autosomal recessive trait which is a genetic characteristic that only appears when a horse inherits two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent⁴. Ponies with two copies of the mutation will be affected, while those with one copy are carriers⁴. Although the environment does not cause HWSD, sudden changes such as going from wet to dry conditions can make symptoms worse².
Treatment
Sadly, there’s no cure for HWSD, but careful management can help keep ponies comfortable¹. Frequent trimming and special shoeing are often needed to support the hoof wall². Keeping hooves clean and dry, along with making dietary and environmental adjustments as advised by your vet, can ease discomfort³. In very severe cases, the pain can become overwhelming and euthanasia may be the kindest option³.
Prevention
The best way to prevent HWSD is through genetic testing⁴. Breeding two carriers should always be avoided because this creates a 25 percent chance of producing an affected foal⁴. Carriers can still be bred to non-carriers to maintain genetic diversity while reducing risk⁴. Testing is now required by The Connemara Pony Breeders Society for new registrations and is strongly advised before buying or breeding².
References
- Hoof Wall Separation Disease (HWSD) | School of Veterinary Medicine (2020)
- British Connemara Pony Society — HWSD Guidance
- Finno, C. J. (2022). Hoof wall separation disease: A review
- Hoof Wall Separation Disease — British Connemara Pony Society
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Our Horse Care and Welfare team are here to help and can offer you further advice with any questions you may have. Contact us on 02476 840517* or email welfare@bhs.org.uk. You can also get in touch with us via our social media channels.
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